1700 — Bourbons replace Hapsburgs as royal family in Spain.
1763 — French and Indian (Seven Years’) War ends; westward migration in 13 colonies banned.
1764 — English Parliament passes Sugar Act.
1765 — English Parliament passes Stamp Act.
1766 — Stamp Act repealed.
1767 — English Parliament passes Townshend Acts.
1768 — British troops sent to Boston.
March 5, 1770 — Boston Massacre.
December 16, 1773 — Boston Tea Party.
1774 — First Continental Congress meets in Philadelphia.
April 18, 1775 — Paul Revere’s ride.
April 19, 1775 — Battles of Lexington and Concord.
May 10, 1775 — Second Continental Congress convenes.
June 17, 1775 — Battle of Bunker Hill.
January 1776 — Thomas Paine publishes Common Sense.
July 4, 1776 — Continental Congress approves Declaration of Independence.
August 27, 1776 — British occupy New York City.
December 25–26, 1776 — Washington crosses the Delaware River; Battle of Trenton.
January 3, 1777 — Battle of Princeton.
September 11, 1777 — Battle of Brandywine.
October 1777 — Washington takes army to Valley Forge for the winter.
October 17, 1777 — British defeated at Saratoga.
November 15, 1777 — Congress approves Articles of Confederation.
1778 — France and the United States form an alliance.
1778 — Decree of “Free Trade” allows opening of more ports in Spanish America and Spain to trade.
May 12, 1780 — British capture Charleston, South Carolina.
1780–1781 — Rebellion of Tupac Amaru in Peru.
January 17, 1781 — Battle of Cowpens, South Carolina.
March 1, 1781 — Articles of Confederation ratified.
October 19, 1781 — Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown.
1783 — British and Americans sign peace treaty in Paris.
1787 — Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia drafts a constitution for the new nation.
1788 — All states ratify the Constitution except Rhode Island and North Carolina.
March 4, 1789 — First U.S. Congress convenes in New York City.
April 30, 1789 — George Washington sworn in as first president of the United States.
July 14, 1789 — French Revolution begins with the storming of the Bastille.
1789 — Minas conspiracy in Brazil.
1791 — Bill of Rights (first 10 amendments to the Constitution) adopted.
1791 — Slave rebellion erupts in Saint Domingue.
1799 — Napoleon emerges as a power in France.
January 1, 1804 — Haiti becomes an independent nation.
1806 — Miranda makes failed attempt to liberate Venezuela; British invasion of Buenos Aires.
1807 — Napoleon invades Portugal, and Braganzas flee to Brazil.
1808 — Napoleon imprisons Spanish king and crown prince, taking control of Spain; Brazilian ports opened to world trade; Central Junta formed in Seville to oppose French.
January 1810 — Regency replaces Central Junta in Spain.
April 1810 — Venezuelan junta deposes royal authority.
May 1810 — Junta takes over from viceroy in Argentina.
July 1810 — Juntas take power in Paraguay and Colombia.
September 1810 — Hidalgo leads revolt in Mexico; junta organizes government in Chile.
1811 — Venezuelan congress declares independence; United Provinces of New Granada founded; Hidalgo captured and executed in Mexico.
1812 — Spanish constitution takes effect; Spanish forces defeat rebels in Venezuela.
1813 — British and Spanish forces drive French from Spain.
1814 — Fernando VII restored to Spanish throne.
1815 — Morelos captured and executed in Mexico; Bolívar writes Jamaica Letter.
1816 — Congress of Tucumán declares Argentine independence.
1818 — San Martín and O’Higgins defeat Spanish forces in Chile.
1819 — Bolívar wins battle of Boyacá.
1820 — Liberal revolts in Spain and Portugal create constitutional monarchies.
April 1821 — João VI returns to Portugal from Brazil.
July 1821 — San Martín seizes Lima.
August 1821 — Mexico achieves independence under Iturbide.
July 1822 — Bolívar establishes Gran Colombia.
September 1822 — Pedro declares Brazilian independence.
1823 — Portuguese expelled from Brazil; Central America separates from Mexico.
1824 — Battle of Ayacucho liberates Peru.
1825 — Sucre liberates Bolivia.
1828 — Uruguay becomes an independent nation.
1830 — Death of Bolívar; Gran Colombia fragments into Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela.
1831 — Pedro I of Brazil abdicates.
1838 — United Provinces of Central America fragments into Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.
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